Hand-operated loom



March 16, 3945i J. TIEFENTHAL 2,437,76

HAND-OPERATED LOOM Y Filed May 2, 1945 3 sheets-sheet 1 arch 16, 1948.

J. TIEFENTHAI.

HAND-OPERATED Loom Filed May 2,' 1945 3 Shee1'..'s-Shee1:y 2

. /NvENTo/a. 30 J05'PH T/'FENTHAL.

March E6, i948. .1. TIEFENTHAL 2,437,716

HAND-OPERATED LOOM Filed May 2, 1945 3 sheets-sheet 3 Y 5 .11. /NVEN rok.

J OJEFH TIE FEN TH/L Patented Mar. 16,A 19,48

4eins STATES PATENT oFFlcE HAND-OPERATED LOOM Joseph Tiefenthal, West Babylon, N. Y.

Application May 2, 1945, Serial No. 591,451

6 Claims. (Cl. 139-29) This invention refers to looms for weaving textile yarn, leather threads and the like and more particularly to hand-operated looms.

It is one of the objects of this invention to provide a simple and sturdy portable loom structure, which is light in weight, necessitates only a reduced and relatively small space and is collapsible for the purpose of storing or conveniently transporting the loom from place to place.

It is another object of the invention to provide a hand loom adapted for school and domestic use, as well as for use in the industry for pattern and fancy weaving purposes and for preparing specimens.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a hand loom including a reed, the latter being freely operable and changeable in its position relatively to the frame of the loom for the purpose of producing various thread surfaces and thread tensions.

Still another object of the invention is to provide means for adjusting and modifying the width and length of the loom structure, as well as of the beams;

A still further object of this invention is to provide a hand looom affording speedy and easy change of the weft thread relatively to the warp threads, enabling various weaving methods and facilitating the arrangement of the operating elements within a convenient distance from the front of the loom.

Yet, another object of this invention is accomplished by the provision of an inexpensive and effective reed structure which may also be employed for beating up the weft although it is not attached to the loom frame, but is readily replaceable by another suitable reed for obtaining different sizes and kinds (coarse or fine) of woven goods on the same loom; said other reed may be made shorter or longer than that which is replaced and without affecting or changing the frame structure of the collapsible loom.

Still, a further object of this invention is to provide simple means for varying the production of sheds .between upper and lower series of warp threads although the same reed is employed for accommodating the warp threads.

Another object of this invention is to provide a collapsible weaving loom which is devoid of any complicated mechanical parts, such as harness, batten, heddle frame, which in conventional looms of the hand operated type are attached or linked to the frame thereof.

With these objects in view, the invention consists in certain features of novelty in the con- 2 struction, combination and arrangement of parts by which the aforesaid and several other objects, hereinafter set forth, are effected, all as fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 shows in perspective a hand-operated loom made in accordance with this invention.

Fig. 2 is a front-elevational view of a reed employed in the loom shown in Fig. 1.

Figs. 3, 4 and 5 illustrate schematically the positionings of the reed relatively to the hand loom shown in side elevation.

Fig. 6 shows a fragmentary, front-elevational view of a reed in modified form.

Fig. '7 is a cross-sectional view along line 'I-'I in Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 shows a portion of one of the beams (partly in cross-section) employed in accordance with this invention.

Fig. 9 is a side-elevational view of an extension applicable to the beam shown in Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a front-elevational view, partly in section, of a lifting device employable in this invention.

Fig. 11 is a side-elevational view of the lifting device shown in Fig. 10 as connected to the frame (partly broken away) of the hand loom.

Referring now in greater detail to the attached drawings, there is disclosed in Fig. l a handoperated and transportable-loom 2B having the base frame bars 2l, 22 and the standards 23, 24. As exemplied in Fig. 1 with respect to standard 24, these standards 23, 24 are linked as by means of hinges 25 to the respective bars 2|, 22 so that these standards may be swung into vertical or upright and horizontal positions, respectively, "as may be'easily realized from Fig. 1. Thus, assembly and transportation of the collapsible loom 20 will be greatly facilitated.

Frame bars 2l, 22 may be interconnected by transverse rods (not shown) frictionally and removably engaging suitable openings provided ln walls of bars 2l, 22 facing each other. Each of the bars 2|, 22 are further provided with respective spaced apart sloping grooves or notches, 25, 2l, 28 adapted to removably receive the yarn beam 3l! and one or more guide rollers 29 if desired, whereby the frame work of the loom will be greatly stabilized.

Front or cloth beam 33 is removably inserted in slots 3l, 32 provided in the forward ends of bars Standards 23, 24 have the upper slots 34, 35 for accommodating therein the ends of upper guide beam or carrier 36 which supports and guides the warp threads and further contributes to a more stable and rigid loom structure.

The end walls of standards 23, 24 are further provided with sloping slots 38 for engagement with the ends of a beam (not shown) which may be of a construction similar to that of beam 36. Standards 23, 24 carry, respectively, at their front end walls 39 displaceable holders or members 40, 45a for a purpose later described.

Members 40, 40a may slide, respectively, lengthwise of said end walls 39, 39a and may be actuated to this effect by screw devices 4|, 4|a extendingA beyond and above the standards 23, 24, respectively.

As shown in greater detail and .on anenlarged scale in Figs. l and l1, front wall'39a of standard 24 has a recess 42a through which extends threaded rod 43a. Rod 43a threadedly engages spaced sleeve members 44, 45 forming parts of holder or supporting member 40a, One end 46 of Vrod 43a is seated in a suitable bearing 41 of standard 24 while the other end 48 of rod 43a projects beyond standard 24 to terminate into a handle 49. Since holder 45a is laterally guided between walls 50a of recess 42a, it will be easily understood that upon actuation of screw device ia by means of handle A49 holder or supporting member 45a may be displaced lengthwise of standard 24 and within recess 42a. It is further to beobserved that screwv deviceV 4| as applied to and built in standard 23 is of a construction identical to that of the screw device 4|a just described, so that itis not deemed necessary to explicitly explain screw device 4| whose function. corresponds otherwise to that of device 4|a.

Liftingdevices 5|, 52 consisting, respectively, of screw devices 40, 4| and 40a, 4 lal are employed to limiter vary the lift or throw of the reed device 53 about to Ybe described hereafter, and further to vary the sheds of the upper and Vlower series of warn threads accommodated in the reed.

On the` top surface of frame bars 2|, 22 there are provided elongated abutment members 54, 55, respectively, which may be displaceably aixed to said bars. if desired.

Reed 53 may be made from stamped metal, wire orany suitable material, such as plastic or plastic composition and consists of a frame 55 having the transverse upper bar 51 and transverse lower bar 58. Bar 58 terminates into lateral extensions or handles 59 and 60 which :are preferably offsetwith respect to bar 5B.

Between bars 5'! and 58 there extend, in this instance. a plurality of U-shaped wire elements 6I, E2: Bla, 62a; etc. Element 6| is-secured-to bar 58. whereas element 52 is affixed to bar 5T. U-shaped elements 5|. 52 are so'disposed with rerspectto each other that they present an elongated loop 63 'whose .upper and lower boundaries 64.' 65- areformed by the bends of U-shaped elements SL52.' respectively.y Similarly, elements Sla',y 62a provide therebetween loop 63a. Between loopsES, 63a, there is formed a slot 66 extending'betwen the adjacent legs 61, 68 of elements 6|, 62 andV legs Sla, 68a of elements Gla, 62a.

In order to reinforce the reed structure, a longitudinal bar 69 may extend transversely thereto and parallel with transverse bar 51 to which elements 62, 52a, etc., are 'aiixed as by brazing or soldering.V It will be further Yobserved that the space obtained between bar or rod 69 and bar 51 may be utilized to receive Voneormorelling` warp threads lla, etc., and i0, 75a. etc., which are preferably of diierent color, thickness and shape are passed from the yarn beam 3i) and guide beam 36 through the series of slots 63 and 65,

respectively, and lead further over front or cloth beam 33 andone or more guide rollers 29, if desired. Reed 53 will be iirst placed on the top surface of holding members 4G, 40a, respectively, whereby the warp threads passing through the series of slots 53 and those passing through slots 56 will be spread apart to facilitate the passage of the weft thread 5d supported by shuttle 8|. Reed-53 is then moved by the hands of an operator grasping the handles 59, 65, toward the front of cloth beam 33 and when reed 53 is then placed on the 'surface of abutment members 54, 55 (Fig. Ll), the warp threads l?, il are crossed to facilitate the passage of shuttle 8| in direction opposite to that indicated .in the position of Fig. 3. Reed 53 is then further moved to the forward ends 54a, 55a of the abutment members 54, 55 and then swungv forward toward cloth beam 33 to bring about tension oi anc'. even displacement between the weft threads relatively to the warp threads, whereby a woven piece of textile material |05 is obtained.

Reed 53 may be further utilized to forwardly move the cloth piece |00 in the direction of cloth beam 33.

Although in Figs. 3 to 5, inclusive, two different series of warp threads i0, are shown, it is well understood that thread l2 (Fig. 2) may be employed in addition to the series of threads l0, 1| to bring about variations of design.

Fig. 6 indicates a modification of the reed or heddle board designated by numeral which, in this instance, is made from a plastic material or plastic composition, such as known in the trade as Bakelite, Lucite, etc. Reed 9i] isprovided with a series of evenly spaced apart, elongated slots 9|, 92, 93, 94, etc. Between adjacent slots 9| and S2, 92 and 93, S3 and 94 there extend a seriesof elongated slots 55, also in equidistance from each other. A further row of equidistantly arranged slots is disposed in a plane above slots 9|-94 andV slots series 95. The latter series of slots 96 substantially corresponds to slots provided in reed 53 and positioned between the cross bar 5'! and transverse rod 69 (Fig. 2) whereas slots Sil-94 substantially correspond to the series of elongated slots 56, 66a, 652), etc. and rows of slots 95 are identical with slots 63, 63a, 63h, etc. of the reed shown in Fig. 2.

The handles S7 form lateral extensions of the lower part 98 of the heddle board or reed 9U.

A reed of this type is inexpensive to manufacture, can be easily replaced or exchanged and since it is light in weight facilitates easy and effective operation.

The loom according to this invention may be used for different types of weaving Systems and can be readily adjusted to different widths of woven fabrics by using beams and guide rollers of the type shown in Figs. 8 and 9.

As can be seen from Fig. 8, the ends of guide beam 30 may be made longer by extension pieces I 0I, |92, according to the desired width of the loom, without changing the bars and standards forming the frame of the loom. If the beam requires the extensions II, |82, the latter is coupled to the extension IlI by threaded engagement of a bolt |83 of extension I 62 with threaded sleeve Ill inserted in the outer extremity of extension lill. Bolt m3 has a head I l5 fixed and centered in hollow provided therefor in extension piece |02. Extension piece |02 has further a sleeve |66 (identical to sleeve Ide) centered and inserted in the outer extremity of extension |32. Threaded sleeve |555 engages threaded bolt |'i which rests with its head I |38 in grooves 26 of bars 2|, 22, as can be easily realized from Fig. l..

In the event that only extension II is needed for increasing the width of beam 3Q, the extension piece |02 may be disengaged from extension piece IUI by unscrewing bolt IESS from sleeve I, and further by disengagement of bolt itil from sleeve |06; bolt I il? being thereafter inserted into sleeve |04 of extension piece Ibi, whereby the width of beam 30 will be reduced by the length of extension piece |02.

In order to disengage extension piece Ida from beam 30, bolt |69 centrally iixed'by means of head IIil on extension piece lei is disengaged from sleeve I I I fitted into the end of beam 3Q.

Bolt IllI-IUS is then brought into engagement with sleeve II| whereby the total width of beam 3U is further reduced by the length of extension piece IUI.

It is well understood that the reed devices of Figs. 2 and 6 may be used for woven textile goods of a width smaller than that of the reed device itself. It is further to be noted that the upper surface of holding members d, 46a forming platforms, may be equipped with grooves or abutment means to retain the reed in position on the platforms. Such abutment has been illustrated in Fig. 1l, is designated by numeral dbb and consists of a bolt having an extension lliic which lits into one or more openings ella (Fig. l).

It is self understood that the loom otherwise functions and is operated in a conventional manner and as it is apparent from Fig. l.

As can be seen from the above, there has been provided according to the present invention a collapsible loom which may be hand-operated by means of a freely movable reed in which the warp threads are accommodated, the loom comprising a frame including a pair of parallel side bars and a pair of standards, means hingedly connecting said standards to said side bars, respectively, whereby said standards may be moved substantially to the same plane as that of said side bars in collapsed condition of said loom, a front beam, a rear beam, said side bars being provided with a pair of openings in front of said standards and with a pair of openings rearwardly of said standards to receive in said openings, respectively, the ends of said front beam and of said rear beam, at least one guide roller, said standards being provided with a pair of openings to receive therein the ends of said guide roller, whereby said bars and said standards are braced by said front beam, said rear beam and said guide roller in operative position of said loom, an elongated member secured to the upper face of each side bar and positioned forwardly of said standards, said elongated members being each provided with an abutment edge, a movable platform supported by each standard and extending rearwardly of said members, and respective means positionedon said Ystandards for moving said platforms relatively to said members, the top surfaces of said platforms and said members forming respective rests for the reed of the loom during operation of said reed, said abutment edges forming a seat for said reed for beating up the warp threads.

AS many possible embodiments may be made of the above invention, and as many changes might be made in the embodiments above set forth, it is to be understood that all matters hereinbefore disclosed or shown in the accompanying drawings are to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent, is: g

1. In a hand-operated loom having a frame including parallel side bars; a pair of standards, each standard being hinged to a respective side bar, a front beam, a yarn beam, one or more guide rollers extending transversely to said side bars, respective pairs of grooves provided in said side bars to accommodate therein the ends of said front beam, of said yarn beam and of said guide rollers, thereby enhancing stabilization of said frame, said side bars being each provided with an abutment member secured on the respective side bar and forwardly of said standards` and a platform displaceably accommodated in each standard, said platforms and said abutment members forming respective supports for the warp threads carrying reed which may be freely moved by the hands of an operator and independently of and relatively to said frame of the loom.

2. A hand-operated, collapsible loom comprising a frame including a pair of parallel side bars and a pair of standards, means hingedly iconnecting said standards to said side bars, respectively, whereby said standards may be moved substantially to the same pla-ne as that of said side bars, a front beam, a warp thread beam, at least one guide roller between said front beam and said warp thread beam and extending transversely to said side bars, said side bars being provided with pairs of `spaced apart openings to receive therein the ends of said front beam, of said warp thread beam, and of said guide roller, an abutment member secured on each side bar and positioned between said standards and said front beam, a lifting device accommodated in each standard, and means for moving said lifting devices, respectively, relatively to said standards, said devices and said abutment members forming respective rests for a reed to 'be freely moved by the hands of an operator and independently of and relatively to said frame of the loom, vwhereby the movements of the warp threads in upward and downward directions and passing through said reed and extending from said Warp thread lbeam over said guide roller to said front beam may be Varied relatively to said frame to therebi7 change the sheds of the warp threads for the introduction of the weft thread therebetween.

3. A hand-operated, collapsible loom comprising a frame including a pair of parallel side bars and a pair of standards, means hingedly connecting said standards to said side bars, respectively, whereby said standards may be moved substantially to the same plane as that of said side bars in collapsed condition of said loom, a front beam, a rear beam, said side bars being pro-vided with pairs of spaced apart openings to receive therein the ends of said front beam and of said rear beam, at least one guide roller, said standards being` provided with atleast one pair of openings to receive therein theends of said guide roller to thereby brace said bars and said standards, an abutment member secured on the upper face of each side bar and positioned between said standards and said front beam, a movable platform supported by each standard, and means for moving said platforms, respectively, and relatively to said standards, said platforms and said abutment members forming respective rests for a reed to be freely moved by the hands of an operator and independently of and relatively to said frame of the loom, whereby the movements of the warp threads in upward and downward directions and passing through said reed and extending from said rear beam over said guide roller to said front beam may be varied to thereby change the sheds of the warp threads for the introduction of the weft thread therebetween.

4. A collapsible loom equipped with a reed for hand-operating the warp threads comprising a frame including a pair of parallel side bars and a pair of standards, means hingedly connecting said standards to said side bars, respectively, whereby said standards may be moved substantially to the same plane as that of said side bars in collapsed condition of said loom, a front beam, a rear beam, said side bars being provided with a pair of openings in front of said standards and with a pair of openings rearwardly of said standards to receive in said openings, respectively, the ends of said front beam and of said rear beam, at least one guide roller, said standards being provided with a pair of openings to receive therein the ends of said guide roller, whereby said bars and said standards are braced by said front beam, said rear beam and said guide roller in operative condition of said loom, a member secured on the upper face of eachsidebar and posi-v tioned forwardly f sa'id standards, a movable platform supported by each standard and eX tending rearwardly of said members, and respective means for moving said platforms relatively to said standards, said platforms and said members forming respective rests for the reed of the loom during operation of said reed.

5. A collapsible loom equipped with a reed for hand-operating the warp threads comprising a frame including a pair of parallel side bars and a pair of standards, means hingedly connecting said standards to said side bars, respectively, whereby said standards may be moved substantially to the same plane as that of said side bars in collapsed condition of said loom, a front beam, a rear beam, said side bars being provided with a pair of openings in front of said standards and with a pair of openings rearwardly of said standards to receive in said openings, respectively, the ends of said front beam and of said rear beam, at

least one-guide roller, said standards being provided with a pair of openings to receive therein the ends of said guide roller, whereby said bars and said standards are braced by said front beam, said rear beam and said guide roller in operative position of said loom, an elongated member secured to the upper face of each side bar and positioned forwardly of said standards, said elongated members being each provided with an abutment edge, a movable platform supported :by each standard and extending rearwardly of said members, and respective means positioned on said standards for moving said platforms relatively to said members, the top surfaces of said platforms and said members forming respective rests for the reed of the loom during operation of said reed, said abutment edges forming a seat for said reed for beating up the warp threads.

6. A collapsible loom equipped with a reed for hand-operating the warp threads comprising a frame including a pair of parallel side bars and a pair of standards, means hingedly connecting said standards to said side bars, respectively, whereby said standards may be moved substantially to the same plane as that of said side bars in collapsed condition of said loom, a front beam, a rear beam, the ends of said front beam and of said rear beam being engageable with said side bars and for removal therefrom, at least one guide roller provided with ends extending transversely of said standards and engageable therewith, whereby said bars are braced by said front beam and said rear beam and said standards are strutted by said guide roller in operative condition of said loom, a member including an abutment edge secured on the upper face of each side bar, and a platform supported by each standard and extending above and rearwardly of said members, said platforms and said members forming respective rests for the reed of the loom during operation of said reed, said abutment edges forming a seat for said reed for beating up the warp threads.

JOSEPH TIEFENTHAL.

REFERENCES CTED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 334,320 Wernicke Jan. 12, 1886 688,500 Booze Dec. 10, 1901 1,254,074 Schwarz Jan. 22, 1918 869,892 Gay Nov. 5, 1907 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 86,793 Sweden May 7, 1936 

